Acne: Types, Causes,
Treatment & Prevention
Acne isn’t just a teenage problem — it can show up at any age. This guide from our clinic breaks down what’s actually happening under the skin, so you can make an informed choice about treatment.
What Exactly Is Acne?
Acne happens when your skin’s pores get clogged with sebum (oil), dead skin cells, and bacteria. It shows up most on the face, forehead, back, and chest — areas where oil glands are more active. Severity ranges from mild whiteheads all the way to painful cystic acne, and treatment is chosen based on where it falls on that spectrum.
The 6 Types of Acne
Acne exists on a spectrum from mild to severe. The scale below follows that same order — the further right, the deeper and more inflamed the lesion.
Whiteheads (closed comedones)
The pore is fully clogged, so a small white or skin-colored bump forms. No inflammation involved.
Blackheads (open comedones)
The pore stays open, so the trapped oil oxidizes on contact with air and turns dark.
Papules
Small, red, raised bumps with mild inflammation, but no visible pus.
Pustules
Similar to papules, but topped with a white or yellow pus-filled tip — this is the classic “pimple.”
Nodules
Large, firm, painful lumps that form deep under the skin. Never pick or squeeze these.
Cysts
The most severe type — soft, pus-filled, painful lumps that can leave scarring. Needs proper dermatological treatment.
What Causes Acne
Hormonal shifts
Puberty, periods, pregnancy, or PCOS raise androgen levels, which boosts oil production.
Excess oil (sebum)
Overactive oil glands clog pores faster, creating the perfect environment for bacteria.
Bacteria (C. acnes)
This bacteria multiplies quickly inside clogged pores, causing inflammation and redness.
Genetics
If a parent had severe acne, the odds of it showing up in their children rise significantly.
Diet & stress
High-glycemic foods, dairy, and ongoing stress can worsen acne in some people.
The wrong products
Heavy, comedogenic makeup or skincare can clog pores over time.
How Acne Is Treated
Treatment always depends on how severe the acne is. Mild cases usually respond well to home care, while moderate to severe cases need a dermatologist’s input.
Medical options
Available under a dermatologist’s care at our clinic
- Topical retinoids — speed up cell turnover
- Benzoyl peroxide — reduces acne-causing bacteria
- Oral antibiotics — for more inflamed, widespread cases
- Isotretinoin — for severe cystic acne
- Hormonal therapy — when the root cause is hormonal
Home care
A daily routine for mild to moderate acne
- Wash your face twice a day with a gentle cleanser
- Use products with salicylic acid or niacinamide
- Apply a non-comedogenic moisturizer
- Never pick or pop pimples
- Wear sunscreen every single day
Simple Ways to Prevent Breakouts
Change your pillowcase once a week — it stops oil and bacteria from building up.
Avoid touching your face often — hands transfer dirt and bacteria straight onto skin.
Wash off sweat right after workouts, especially along the hairline and back.
Skip harsh scrubbing — over-exfoliating irritates skin and can trigger more inflammation.
Remove makeup thoroughly every night, no matter how tired you are.
When Should You See a Doctor?
If home remedies show no improvement after 6–8 weeks, or you notice any of the signs below, it’s time to see a dermatologist:
- Painful nodules or cysts keep recurring
- You’re starting to notice scarring or dark marks
- Sudden, severe hormonal breakouts
- Acne is affecting your confidence or mental well-being
Get Your Acne Assessed at Rejuvenare Dermatology
Every skin responds differently, and the fastest way to clear results is a plan built around your skin type and acne severity. Dr. Shobhita Gupta and team offer personalized, evidence-based acne treatment at our Gurugram clinic.
- Sector-87, SilverStreak Multispecialty Hospital, Near Sapphire 90 Mall, Gurugram
- Call or WhatsApp: +91 92540 72619